HYLES NICAEA CASTISSIMA (Austaut, 1883)

GB: Greater Spurge Hawkmoth, F: Sphinx Nicéa, D: Riesenwolfsmilch-schwärmer, RU: Nitstskii Brazhnik, H: görög szender

Deilephila nicaea var. castissima Austaut, 1883, Le Naturaliste 5: 360.

Type locality: Sebdou, Algeria.


BIOGEOGRAPHICAL AFFILIATION

Holarctic; western Palaearctic region. Pleistocene refuge: Monocentric -- Mauritanian subsection of the Mediterranean refuge.


ADULT DESCRIPTION AND VARIATION

Female Hyles n. castissima, Puits Baba, Algeria.

Wingspan: 76--110mm. Similar to subsp. nicaea but distal edge of the median band of forewing straight, not bowed as in subsp. nicaea; dark apical streak usually absent. The black post-discal band on the hindwing narrower and separated from the black basal area along the costa, unlike that in subsp. nicaea.


Adult Hyles n. castissima, Algeria.

ADULT BIOLOGY

Occurs on dry, stony slopes up to 2000m.


FLIGHT-TIME

Bivoltine; May/June, and again during late July and August.


EARLY STAGES

OVUM: As subsp. nicaea.

LARVA: As subsp. nicaea, pale grey to black.

Pale larval form of H. nicaea castissima, High Atlas mountains, Morocco. Photo: Brigitte Gennin.

Occurs from June to September in two overlapping generations.


Black larval form of H. nicaea castissima, Algeria.

Hostplants. Herbaceous Euphorbia spp., especially E. nicaeensis.

PUPA: 50mm. Brown to pale buff, with a few fine markings. Otherwise as subsp. nicaea.


PARASITOIDS

None recorded.


DISTRIBUTION

The Atlas mountains in Morocco, northern Algeria and Tunisia (Rungs, 1981).

Extra-limital range. None.


OTHER SUBSPECIES

From southern Portugal and Spain across southern Europe to Turkey (including the Balearic Islands and south-western Bulgaria) as subsp. nicaea. The southern Crimean Peninsula (Ukraine) and western Transcaucasia as subsp. orientalis. From Lebanon and northern Israel to western Xinjiang Province, China as subsp. sheljuzkoi. Eastern Afghanistan (Ebert, 1969), north-west India (Kashmir) and China (Xizang Province/Tibet) as subsp. lathyrus (Walker, 1856).


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