SATASPES TAGALICA TAGALICA Boisduval, [1875]

Female Sataspes tagalica tagalica. Photo: © BMNH Male Sataspes tagalica tagalica f. tagalica. Photo: © BMNH Male Sataspes tagalica tagalica f. collaris. Photo: © BMNH Male Sataspes tagalica tagalica f. thoracica. Photo: © BMNH Male Sataspes tagalica tagalica f. hauxwelli. Photo: © BMNH Bee model for some forms of S. tagalica. Photo: © BMNH Bee model for some forms of S. tagalica. Photo: © BMNH

TAXONOMY

Sataspes tagalica Boisduval, [1875], in: Boisduval & Guenée, Hist. nat. Insectes (Spec. gén. Lépid. Hétérocères) 1: 378. Type locality: Philippines, Bourias [Burias].


ADULT DESCRIPTION AND VARIATION

Wingspan: 56--70mm. Variable, with several named forms, often from the same brood. A mimic of Xylocopa carpenter bees, with males and females mimicking different species of bee.


Female Sataspes t. tagalica, Hong Kong, China. Photo: © Kent H. K. Li.

ADULT BIOLOGY

A day-flying moth attracted to the flowers of Duranta erecta and Lantana camara, usually from mid morning to early afternoon.

A species of woodland margins and shady tracks through woodland, particularly near bodies of fresh water (Li, 1994).


Typical habitat of Sataspes tagalica with Dalbergia shrubs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Photo: © Tony Pittaway.

FLIGHT-TIME

China: 28.iv (Zhejiang); vii (Guangdong; Hong Kong); 20.viii (Hong Kong); ix (Guangdong).


EARLY STAGES

OVUM: Pale green, almost spherical (1.50 x 1.25 x 1.0mm). Hatches in about 4 days.

Laid singly on the underside (sometimes topside) of leaflets towards the tip of overhanging branches, with most deposited between one and two metres from the ground. It is rare to find more than one egg per branch. Preference is shown for hostplants that grow together among trees that provide shade (Li, 1994).


Ovum of Sataspes tagalica on Dalbergia, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Photo: © Tony Pittaway.

LARVA: Full-fed 40--65mm, width 9mm. The early stages have been well documented by Li (1994) from Hong Kong.

According to Bell & Scott (1937), in the final instar closely resembling that of S. infernalis, but differring in the face being green and rest of head whitish, while in S. infernalis the face is pale green and rest of head darker green. The oblique lateral stripes in S. tagalica yellowish, those on segments 6 and 11 strongest; horn green dorsally, yellow laterally.

The larva becomes somewhat translucent in appearance before pupation, which takes place in a cell underground.

The full life cycle takes about 45-51 days for males, about 58 days for females.


Second instar larva of Sataspes tagalica, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Photo: © Tony Pittaway. Second instar larva of Sataspes tagalica, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Photo: © Tony Pittaway. Fourth instar larva of Sataspes tagalica, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Photo: © Tony Pittaway. Part grown final instar larva of Sataspes tagalica, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Photo: © Tony Pittaway. Full-grown unmarked form larva of Sataspes tagalica on Dalbergia benthami, Hong Kong, China. Photo: © Kent H. K. Li. Full-grown marked form larva of Sataspes tagalica. Image: Mell, 1922b

PUPA: 30--42mm, width 12.5mm. Very closely resembles that of S. infernalis, the only noticeable difference being that in S. tagalica the cremaster has lateral extensor ridges on the ventral surface, which run forwards to segment 11, and the cremaster ends in a simple point (Bell & Scott, 1937). Takes about 14 days to emerge.


Pupa of Sataspes tagalica, Hong Kong, China. Photo: © Kent H. K. Li. Pupa of Sataspes tagalica. Image: Mell, 1922b

Larval hostplants. The woody climber Dalbergia benthamii (Fabaceae) in Hong Kong (Li, 1994).


PARASITOIDS


LOCAL DISTRIBUTION

China: Zhejiang (Hangzhou); Hubei (Hefeng); Sichuan (Pengshui; Huili); Yunnan (Jinping; Xishuangbanna); south Xizang/Tibet (Mutu, Namjagbarwa region, 2000m (Wang, 1988); Bomi, 2000m); Hunan (Dayong; Henshan); Guangdong (Luofu Shan; Gunagzhou); Hong Kong (Tai Po Kau Nature Reserve; Aberdeen Reservoir); Hainan.


GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION

Western and northeastern India, Nepal, Burma/Myanmar, eastern and southern China and Thailand.


Global distribution of Sataspes tagalica tagalica. Map: © BMNH.

BIOGEOGRAPHICAL AFFILIATION



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© A.R. Pittaway & I.J. Kitching (The Natural History Museum, London)