MARUMBA GASCHKEWITSCHII GRESSITTI Clark, 1937

TAXONOMY

Marumba gaschkewitschi [sic] gressitti Clark, 1937, Proc. New Engl. zool. Club 16: 29. Type locality: Formosa [Taiwan, Nantou Hsien], Hori [Puli].

ADULT DESCRIPTION AND VARIATION

Wingspan: 80--85mm.

ADULT BIOLOGY

FLIGHT-TIME

Taiwan: v-vi (Hualien Hsien).

EARLY STAGES

OVUM:

LARVA: Full-fed 75--83mm.

PUPA: 40mm.

Larval hostplants.

PARASITOIDS

Unknown.

LOCAL DISTRIBUTION

Taiwan: Nantou Hsien (Puli; Renluen, 1400m); Hualien Hsien (Taroko National Park).

The core distributions of the current four subspecies of M. gaschkewitschii are as follows:

• M. g. gaschkewitschii: Buryatia (Selenduma); Western Transbaikalia (Derzhavets, 1984; Rudykh & Ekimova, 2005), Chita (Edinenie, Onon River), and central and western Mongolia (Hovd Province (Bulgan River, 10Km E Jarantaj); Övö-Hangaj Province (Hovd); Vostochnyy Aimak). Then lowlands of eastern China, from Beijing and Shandong (Weihai; Jinan; Yantai; Qingdao) south to the Yangtze river;
• M. g. carstanjeni: SE Russian Far East (Transbaikalia (Kyra; Khapcheranga; Undino-Posel'e); Amurskaya (Belogorsk; Blagoveshchensk); Yevreyskaya (Bastak); Khabarovsk Kray (Bolshekhekhtsyrskii Nature Reserve, Khabarovsk suburbs; Slavyanka; Komsomolsk-na-Amure; Pivan); Kamchatka; Primorskiy Kray (Kaymanovka; Lesogor'e; Dal'nerechensk; Vityaz Bay; Khasan area; Kedrovaya Pad Nature Reserve; Novovladimirovka; Pogranichniy; near Kalinovka), the entire Korean Peninsula (including Cheju-do) and northeastern China (E Nei Mongol (Balin; Zalantun/Butha Qi; Chifeng/Ulanhad; Ongniud Qi; Uxin Qi; Hulunbuir Region, Sanhaodian)); Heilongjiang (Harbin; Lalin); Jilin; Liaoning (Huanren); Hebei; Beijing (Xiangshan; Botanical Garden));
• M. g. gressitti: Taiwan (Nantou Hsien, Puli; Hualien Hsien, Taroko National Park);
• M. g. complacens: central and southeastern China, from Ningxia and Shaanxi (Yangling; Huangling; Xunyang, 1380m) south to Sichuan (Wulong, nr. Fuling; Pengshui; Emei Shan) and eastern Xizang/Tibet (Baxoi & Gonjo Counties), then east to Shanghai, Zhejiang (Tianmu Shan) and Fujian (Guangze, 1200m) and south through Guangdong, Hong Kong, Hainan and Guangxi to northern Vietnam (at low altitude).

Three former subspecies, namely M. g. echephron (Boisduval, [1875]), M. g. harutai Eitschberger & Ihle, 2012, and M. g. irata Joicey & Kaye, 1917, are now considered to be distinct species (Eitschberger, 2012).

GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION

Endemic to Taiwan.

BIOGEOGRAPHICAL AFFILIATION

Holarctic; eastern Palaearctic region. Pleistocene refuge: Monocentric -- Taiwan refugium.