EUPANACRA VARIOLOSA (Walker, 1856) -- Grown rippled hawkmoth

TAXONOMY

Panacra variolosa Walker, 1856, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 8: 156. Type locality: [Bangladesh,] Silhet [Sylhet].

Synonym. Panacra variolosa Walker, 1856.

Synonym. Panacra vagans Butler, 1881.

Synonym. Panacra hamiltoni Rothschild, 1894.

ADULT DESCRIPTION AND VARIATION

Wingspan: 56--80mm. Similar in general appearance to Eupanacra busiris atima but forewing outer margin evenly curved, not angulate on M2. Forewing upperside very similar to Eupanacra busiris atima but most distal of antemedian lines almost reaching the discal spot before recurving strongly basad towards the costa. Hindwing upperside with pale median band short and narrow.

Uncus similar to Eupanacra regularis regularis. Gnathos similar Eupanacra regularis regularis but more pointed. Valve with more than 8 stridulatory scales. Harpe similar to Eupanacra automedon but more spatulate. Phallus most similar to Eupanacra sinuata, apical process with left lobe broader than in Eupanacra regularis regularis, obliquely rounded proximally; right lobe intermediate between Eupanacra regularis regularis and Eupanacra automedon.

ADULT BIOLOGY

FLIGHT-TIME

China: Unrecorded.

EARLY STAGES

OVUM: Undescribed.

LARVA: [Illustrated in Eitschberger & Ihle, 2008].

PUPA: [Illustrated in Eitschberger & Ihle, 2008].

Larval hostplants. In Yunnan, China, on Rhaphidophora hongkongensis (JiBai He, pers. comm. 2021), but in Thailand recorded from Scindapsus pictus and Scindapsus aureus (Eitschberger & Ihle, 2010).

PARASITOIDS

Unknown.

LOCAL DISTRIBUTION

China: Yunnan (Xiaomengtong; Jinghong).

GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION

Bhutan (Irungbam & Irungbam, 2019), northeastern India, Bangladesh, southwestern China, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam (Le & Vu, 2024), Malaysia (Peninsular, Sarawak), Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan).

BIOGEOGRAPHICAL AFFILIATION